老何boss wrote:
應該是轉動槍管.做連續發射用.
後來有改良.變成圓筒有10個槍口.
從槍枝的機械動作上看轉動手柄確實是要達到循環動作的目的,但真正的根本原因是當時使用的是黑火藥當子彈的發射藥。
與目前槍枝子彈使用的無煙火藥不同,黑火藥是炸藥而無煙火藥才是真正的發射藥,兩者特性有一定的差距外最大的不同是黑火藥的推進力只有無煙火藥的三分之一,而且燃燒後會產生大量的殘渣。所以一來黑火藥產生的後座力與能量推子彈已經算是免強,無法像使用無煙子彈的槍枝一樣利用發射後的多餘然氣或是後座力達到退殼、拋殼、上彈、擊發的循環工作模式,而且產生的大量燃燒殘紮也會很快地阻礙槍枝的往復行程。
也就是說發明機關槍的馬克沁要是早生個幾年還在黑火藥時代他就算想出用一個可以讓槍枝連發的點子他也在物理上做不到這個成果。而且更重要的黑火藥煙超多,一發就已經煙澎澎,一次打他個幾十發除非有風不然射手估計也不知道自己在打人還是打鬼。
所以講人話就是現代化的連發槍械其根底是在發射藥的改革,沒有無煙火藥就沒有真正意義上的連發槍械。
而這把1887年式的斯特林產量一定不會大,因為無煙火藥已經在1884年被發明出來,大約在1900年後大量的普及,而法國人在1886年生產世界上第一把使用無煙火藥的步槍,勒貝爾1886。
M1886 Lebel Rifle at the Range
對照組,法國前一代使用黑火藥的Gras Mle 1874
兩者後座力有明顯的差別,而且1874的口徑是11mm而1886是8mm,黑火藥使用更大的口徑與裝藥量但威
力還是差了一大截。
waffe
redshoulder wrote:
Hiram Stevens Maxim
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_gun
National and military authorities were reluctant to adopt the weapon, and Maxim's company initially had some trouble convincing European governments of the weapon's efficiency. Soldiers generally held a great mistrust of machine guns due to their tendency to jam. In the 1906 version of his book Small Wars, Charles Callwell says of machine guns: "The older forms are not suitable as a rule... they jammed at Ulundi, they jammed at Dogali, they jammed at Abu Klea and Tofrek, in some cases with unfortunate results."[15] However, the Maxim was far more reliable than its contemporaries.[16] A more immediate problem was that, initially, its position was easily given away by the clouds of smoke that the gun produced (although the same was true of artillery pieces and units of troops that the machine gun was intended to replace or supplement, so this wasn't viewed as a particular drawback by the early users). The advent of smokeless powder (developed by, among others, Hiram's brother Hudson Maxim), helped to change this.
我回文寫的很清楚1900以後才大量的使用。
waffe
waffe wrote:
1874的口徑是11mm
11×59mmR Gras
動能2,580焦耳,這已經不小(AK47子彈約2010焦耳)
黑火藥對自動武器來說是殘渣太多
即使像T74機槍有三段調節瓦斯缸管也會很容易堵住(看兒童用火藥玩具槍就知道殘渣很多)
真要用自動武器上面瓦斯管應該要更粗,但如果是反衝則無此問題































































































