也了解了為何會有WSD (Women's Specific Design)自行車
有些人可能跟我想法一樣: 女性可以買一般(其實是為男性設計)的自行車中最小號的就好了
其實不是這麼簡單
分兩點來說明 (我有點懶得打中文 所以有時只貼英文)
以為解決的辦法: 上管要低, 可以輕鬆握著把手
... the bike needs to have a top tube that is low enough (allowing you to stand over the bike easily) and has the bars within easy reach (high enough and close enough that you don't have to stretch for them).
1. 男女體型的差異: 上下身比例其實是差不多 但女生平均身高較矮 手臂較短, 手較小
Many people explain this desire for a shorter reach to the handlebars than is offered by standard bikes by saying that women typically have longer legs and shorter torsos than men of the same height. However, this simply isn't true: statistical studies of dimensions of men and women show that proportionally, men and women have the same length of legs. However, women do have proportionally shorter arms than men, as well as smaller hands.
這段以一般體型來大約說明選擇車架的大小
男性平均身高178公分 女性平均162公分(西方身材 不知東方的平均為何)
一般自行車以適合中等身高的男性為主
.... (省略) 嬌小的女性是沒法騎一般型的公路車 但也許可以選擇最小車架的登山車或是複合車
The average man is about 5'10", while the average woman is about 5'4". Bike sizes are generally arranged so that the size of bike that fits the medium sized man falls in the middle of the sizes of bikes. Trek expect that medium sized men will ride the 18" or 19.5" MTBs, while they will ride the 56cm or 58cm road bikes and the 20" hybrid. In the world of road bikes, medium-sized women can (maybe) fit the smallest bike size, while in the world of MTBs, a medium sized woman fits perhaps the next-to-smallest size of bike,and for hybrids, a medium-sized woman would go for a 15" or 17.5" hybrid. A small woman can't fit a standard road bike at all, while a small woman might be able to fit the smallest size MTB or hybrid.
2. 廠商在幾何構造上的設計: 一般自行車以男性中等身材為主
比此大的車架, 其上管長與車架大小(通常是坐管長)比較為小;
比此小的車架, 其上管長與車架大小比大 (作者以Trek的自行車為例; 注意: WSD的車架也是有相似的設計 只是總個來說車架都比較小)
因此 即便女生可以騎一般型最小的車架 也會覺得上管有點過長 上身/手臂伸太直
For all types of bikes, note that frame sizes larger than those "medium" sizes have proportionally shorter top tubes (as shown by the last row, the length of top tube divided by frame size, which is the length of the seat tube), while the smaller frames have proportianlly longer top tubes. Thus the smaller frames, the ones that the women will be riding, if they can ride the bikes at all, have proportionally longer top tubes than medium and large frames.
基本上了解這兩點後 就來看如何選擇不同類型的自行車
a. 登山車
可以選擇一般型最小且上管*短點的車架 外加用上較短的龍頭 改變龍頭的角度等
或是就選WSD的登山車
So one thing to do is to get a type of bike that comes with a shorter top tube. ...
For comparison, I am 5'5", about medium sized for a woman. I fit quite comfortably on a 16.5" Trek bike, with the following modifications. I've replaced the fork, and I've left space for about 3cm worth of spacers beneath the stem. Furthermore, I use a stem which is about 9cm long (shorter than the supplied one), and has about a 20 degree rise (the supplied stem had very little rise). I can ride this bike all day with no problems.
Another route to take is to buy a women's specific bike.
* 上管長是量平行地面的長度 不是實際上的長度
b. 公路車
對於一般體型或嬌小的女生是沒有得選擇的
即便可以選最小的車架 但在這不可以改用較短的龍頭 因為會影響操控(過於靈敏. 登山車不會是因為平把手)
The problem is that when you put an extra-short stem on drop bars, you get a bike that's hard to control. What happens is that there ends up being a very short distance between where you put your hands, and the steering axis of the bike. This means that if you make a small movement of your hands, this translates into a relatively large angular movement of the steering. The bike simply responds too much to your steering input. Thus you really do need a shorter top tube. (Using a short stem works with MTB bars, as long as they're wider ones.)
要找上管短的旅行車更是困難
The problem with finding a top tube that's short enough is even worse with touring bikes, which usually take bigger tires than racing bikes, and which should have enough toe clearance to allow you to fit a mudguard (aka fender in US-speak).
後面作者也順便解說對女性自行車的設計 還包括曲柄的大小 輪組大小等的說明
我就不一一打了(中打很慢)
有興趣的人可以看看 (作者其他的文章也是值得一讀)雖說是針對女性選車 其實也可以適用在體型較小的男性 (約165左右)
