由於美國推動QE3,狂印超票。
很多外銷都是以美金為匯對基準,會讓物價波動。
那為何不改波動小的幣值交易呢?例如:澳幣、紐幣、日幣、人名幣?
美金那麼不穩定?為何大家都要流通美金呢?
是很笨的問題,但我真的很疑惑~
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大家都好專業喔!!
還是女生比較沒有邏輯概念?我還是不太懂。
如果想避開風險。
例如:我跟國外交易,美金很不穩定,我不用美金匯對,改用人民幣計價,這樣會比較穩定嗎?
那這時該保有美金划算,還是台幣呢?因為我有美金定存,該加碼還是快換回台幣?
謝謝你們回覆。
lovebard179 wrote:
由於美國推動QE3,狂印超票。
很多外銷都是以美金為匯對基準,會讓物價波動。
那為何不改波動小的幣值交易呢?例如:澳幣、紐幣、日幣、人名幣?
美金那麼不穩定?為何大家都要流通美金呢?
是很笨的問題,但我真的很疑惑~
首先,USD的匯率波動並不會大於AUD 跟NZD
更別提 CNY 外匯管制中
再來,USD 作為國際交易貨幣,是從二戰後硬搞的,目前沒人可以取代
EUR 曾有一度打著 替代的口號
CNY 現在也想要開啟亞洲共榮圈的新時代
但都還不成氣候
最後 GDP公式
Y=C+I+G+NX
美國過去倚賴C,但次貸風暴後,仍在努力回復C的效果
經濟環境導致 I 增幅有限
加上財政懸崖,G可應用範圍更小
所以只剩下 NX 可立竿見影
QE3導致貨幣貶值,對出口極度有利
但別擔心,貨幣戰爭就要開始,大家都會接著印鈔票的
对于美国和欧洲来说,最容易被忽略的经济弱点是我们称之为“全球货币战争”的东西。如果所有的货币干预政策都停止的话,我们估计美国的贸易逆差将会减少1500亿~3000亿美元,或者相当于我国(美国)国民生产总值的1~2%,同时将创造100~200万新的工作机会。同时欧元区将得到一个相对较少但仍然可观的(增收)数量。涉嫌货币干预的国家可以通过扩大自己的国内需求来抵消这一行动(停止货币干预突然停止,译者注)的冲击。
China is by far the largest currency aggressor but has not been the major perpetrator of late. Three distinct groups are now involved. First are other Asian countries, including Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand and Malaysia. Second are major oil exporters including the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Norway, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Algeria. Third are rich countries near to the eurozone, most notably Switzerland but also Denmark and Israel. If Mitt Romney is elected US president, he will be able to label many countries as currency manipulators on his first day in the Oval Office, not just China, as he has promised.
中国是迄今为止在“货币战争中”的最大挑战者,但不是近来的主要肇事者(或者始作俑者更好,译者注)。参与此事(指货币干预,译者注)的国家可以分成明显的三组。第一是亚洲的其他国家,包括日本,新加坡,台湾(中国的,译者注),韩国,中国香港,泰国和马来西亚。第二组主要是石油输出国,包括阿联酋,俄罗斯,挪威,沙特,科威特和阿尔及利亚。第三组是以瑞士为代表的,靠近(或者说亲近,译者注)欧元区的富裕国家,当然也包括丹麦和以色列。如果罗姆尼被选为美国总统,他将会在椭圆办公室(指白宫,译者注)上班的第一天给很多国家贴上“货币操纵”的标签,而不仅仅只有中国,正如他已经承诺过的。
These countries all exhibit rapidly growing levels of foreign currency reserves as well as significant current-account surpluses. They buy US dollars and euros to suppress the value of their own currencies, keeping the price of their exports down and the cost of their imports up. Thus they subsidise exports and tax imports, enabling them to maintain or increase trade surpluses and pile up foreign exchange reserves. These tactics, in effect, export unemployment to the rest of the world. China has largely curtailed its currency aggression, at least for now, but many other countries remain highly active.
这些国家展示出迅速增长的外汇储备的同时,仍保持可观的国际收支经常项目顺差。他们购买美元和欧元来抑制其本国货币的升值,使其出口货物保持在较低价格的同时使进口成本上升。同时,他们给予出口(货物)补贴,对进口货物征税,使得他们能保持或者提高其贸易顺差,积累外汇储备。这些策略,从效果上来说,将失业问题输出到世界上的其他国家。中国,至少现在来看,已经在很大程度上缩减了其货币的攻击性(指人民币升值,译者注),但这一策略在其他很多国家仍然保持很高的运作效率。
The currency wars started a decade ago and led to record trade imbalances. US and European policy makers tried to counter the effects and save jobs by encouraging a housing bubble. When the bubble popped, jobs disappeared. The US and Europe then adopted monetary and fiscal stimulus measures but prolonged financial deleveraging has offset much of their impact.
货币战争在十年以前已经打响,并导致创纪录的贸易不平衡。美国和欧元区的政策制定者试图对这种效应进行反击,并通过鼓励房地产泡沫来拯救工作。然而,当泡沫突然破裂时,工作机会也消失了。然后,美国和欧盟采用了货币和财政刺激措施,但其效果被长期金融去杠杆化抵消了很大部分。
Some have criticised the US for fuelling the currency wars through its unconventional monetary policy known as quantitative easing. However, that US initiative is conducted entirely in dollars and is intended to boost consumption and investment within the US rather than to curb imports. Any impact on the exchange rate is secondary.
批评者指责美国通过货币宽松这一非常规的货币政策向货币战争注入燃料。然而,美国采取这一政策的初衷是管理美元,意图促进美国境内的消费与投资而不是抑制其进口。其任何对汇率的影响都是次要考虑的。
Moderate amounts of foreign exchange reserves help countries protect against adverse economic shocks. But reserve purchases by currency aggressors long ago exceeded the amounts that could be described as prudent. Governments in many developing economies and a few higher-income countries bought nearly $1.5tn of reserves and other foreign assets last year.
适量的外汇储备有助于国家抵御不利的经济冲击。但货币挑战者(貌似指上面的三类国家,译者注)长期积累所得到的外汇储备已经超被认为是明智的数量。在去年,发展中国家和一些富裕国家的政府购买了大约1.5万亿美元的外汇或其他外国资产。
Our analysis suggests that the combined trade balances of countries actively purchasing foreign currency are $1tn higher as a result.
我们的研究显示,积极购买外汇,在全球范围内共造成1万亿美元甚至更高的贸易结余。
What can be done? The rules of both the International Monetary Fund and World Trade Organization forbid currency manipulation to maintain trade surpluses. These should be implemented at long last. Brazil has taken initiatives to this end and many other developing countries that run trade deficits, and lose from the currency wars, should join. The US and the eurozone should lead the effort. New bilateral and regional trade agreements, such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership, should include such rules.
我们能做什么呢?国际货币基金组织和世界贸易协会的规则禁止以货币操纵的方式取得贸易顺差。这些(规则)需要得到最终的执行。终于,巴西已经积极的加入了(指反对通过货币操纵得到贸易顺差,译者注),其他正在遭受贸易逆差和即将从货币战争中出局的国家也应该加入。美国和欧盟应该引领这一努力方向。新的双边和区域贸易协定,比如说“跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(TPP)”,应该包含这一规则。
If the preferred multilateral remedies continue to fail, revealing a huge gap in the international economic architecture, the aggrieved countries should act together to induce currency aggressors to mend their ways. The most direct action would be countervailing currency intervention through which the US Federal Reserve and the European Central Bank buy foreign currencies to offset the exchange rate impact of others’ aggression. Another option would be a surcharge on imports from currency aggressors, as adopted unilaterally by the US in 1971. A third approach would be to impose a transactions tax or a withholding tax on US and European assets accumulated by the aggressors. Given the huge costs of currency aggression, such measures may become necessary to resolve this global systemic problem and allow recovery in the US and Europe.
如果这一首选的多边修正方法仍然失效,对世界经济结构造成巨大创伤,受到伤害的国家应该联合行动起来,迫使货币挑战者(呵呵,赤裸裸的鼓噪啊,为啥世界储备货币必须是美元呢,译者)改正他们的行为方式。美联储和欧洲央行采取对抗性的货币干预政策是最直接的方法,例如通过购买其他国家货币的方法来抵消来自“挑战国”的汇率操纵的影响。另一个可以采用的方法,就是对来自“货币挑战国”(另美国不爽的国家,译者注)的进口货物追加关税,正如美国于1971单方面所采取的方法。第三种方法,对于“货币挑战国”在美国和欧洲所积累起来的资产强征交易税和预提税。有必要采取以上这些可以对“货币挑战国”施加巨大的成本压力的方法,来解决这一世界性问题(贸易不平衡,抑制注),使得美国和欧洲得以复苏。
The writers are respectively the director and a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics
(作者是来自皮特森国际经济研究所的主管和高级研究员)
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2041f5b8-f5bc-11e1-a6bb-00144feabdc0.html#axzz26d27pMRK