>1. 這些所謂energy loss 的理論是來自何處, 有文獻或網站可參考嗎? Book: Certificate Biology - Mastering Basic Concepts 3rd Edition Author: Pang King Chee Publisher: Oxford Page 237: about energy loss between trophic levels Page 240: about the increase of DDT concentration up trophic levels
(undigested organic matter is excreated. becoz organic matter can be used for respiration to generate energy. So, there is energy loss) (organisms lose energy in the form of body heat)