為什麼曾經侵略中國的北方游牧蠻族最終都融入中國文化了？
評論翻譯
Feng Xian, former Research Associate at EurasianCenter (2017-2018)
Answered Dec 27
Because of Confucianism
Using Turks as an example, after they largelymigrated into China due to the breakdown of the Turkic Khanate, it only tookfew generations for them to be assimilated because they needed to studyConfucianism in order to work for the government and to obtain the politicalpower. Once they touched Confucianism, they would accept many Confucianisttheories by default, including:
1: 尊師重教/Respect toteachers and emphasis on education
2: 天命/Mandate of Heaven
3: 華夷之辨/the Chinese vsBarbarians
4: 處中國以治萬邦/living in theMiddle Kingdom to rule the rest of the world
5: 政教分離/the separationof state and religion
6: 義/loyalty to thelordship and friends
7: 炎黃子孫/ All theBarbarians were the far descendants of the Yellow and Fire Emperors 5,000 yearsago.
因為儒家思想。
以突厥人為例，由於突厥汗國瓦解導致他們大體遷移到中國後，只花了幾代人時間他們就融入了中國文化，因為他們需要學習儒家思想從而為政府工作並獲得政治權力。一旦他們接觸到儒家思想後，他們會自動的接受很多的儒家理論，包括：尊師重教，天命，華夷之辨，處中國以治萬邦，政教分離，義，炎黃子孫。
They would hence consider themselves bothgenetically and culturally Chinese. Therefore they would lose the interest inbeing associated with the Turkic Khanate. This phenomenon also happened toXiongnu, Xianbei, Wuhen, Khitan and later on the leftoverMongol even if the Mongol set up the Yuan Dynasty, and Manchurian.
After Xianbei officially converted into Han, they,for example, started to name their relatives Rouran in Siberia as “the worm”and launched campaigns in order to wipe them out. The story of Mulan fightingBarbarians was actually referring to the Xianbei Han against their own geneticrelatives. In the Han Dynasty, Xiongnu largely worked for the Han Dynastyagainst Xiongnu confederate. In the Ming Dynasty also, the Mongolian cavalry hadbeen playing a key role in assisting the Ming Dynasty fighting the Mongoliantribes in the North.
In China, whenever Han screwed up the governance,it was, however, the converted Barbarian who came out to save it even byagainst their own relatives.
在中國，無論漢人什麼時候搞砸了國家治理，總有皈依的蠻人出手相助，有時甚至是對抗自家人。
Jackson Lee
Dec 28 · 3 upvotes
Love your answer.
I do not recall Chinese had ever forced people toconvert into certain religion, as China has always been a state separated fromreligion
說得好。我不記得中國人什麼時候強迫他人皈依某個宗教，因為中國一直都是政教分離。
Wong Jat-Lam
Dec 28 · 2 upvotes
Li Cunxu and Liu Yuan did not actually careabout the Han or Tang dynasties, they just named their kingdoms after them forlegitimacy. They did not fight the Jin or Liang for revenge but simply fortheir own ambitions.
李存勖和劉淵並不是真的關心漢朝或唐朝，他們不過是為了自己的正統性而如此命名自己的朝代。他們並沒有找晉朝或者梁朝報仇，而是為了自己的野心。
Feng Xian
Original Author · Dec 28
Shatuo army was the largest force the lateperiod of the Tang Dynasty relied on in order to deal with the rebellion of 節度使/militarygovernors. Li Cunxu and his father had several chances to take over the TangDynasty but they chose to withdraw their troop but take the reward, which ZhuWen however took an advantage of. So the loyalty of Li Cunxu is unquestionable.
As for Liu Yuan, you better talk withhimself because he basically dropped his knee to the Han Emperors.
唐朝末期對付節度使叛亂時所依賴的最大一支部隊正是沙陀軍隊。李存勖及其父親多次有機會接管唐朝，但是他們選擇撤兵，接受獎勵，但是被朱溫佔了便宜。所以李存勖的忠誠是無可置疑的。
至於劉淵，你還是直接和他聊吧，因為他基本上是跪在了漢朝皇帝面前。
You need to understand Confucianism,particularly its way of governance is the ONLY way of governance for theagro-farming culture that East Asian peoples knew - this includes Han, northbarbarians, Japanese and Korean. (China Proper is agro-farming and webarbarians lived a nomadic or hunting life, in case you don’t know.) Thereforeif the new ruling class want to maintain the power, wealth, and control overtheir newly acquired land and population, the ONLY thing they can do is to doit the Confucianist way.
Which means the new ruling class would needto be Confucianized, one way or another, just to rule the country. Here come 3perfect examples of such:
Wanyan Liang - Wikipedia
Yelü Chucai - Wikipedia
Nalan Xingde - Wikipedia
你要明白儒家思想，尤其是它的治理方式是東亞人所知道的唯一農耕文明治理方式，東亞人包括了漢人，北方蠻人，日本人和朝鮮人。（中國本土是農耕文明，而我們蠻人過的是游牧或者狩獵的生活）因此如果新的統治階級想要維持權力和財富，並對新獲得的土地和人口進行控制，唯一的方式就是以儒家的方式來統治。
也就意味着新的統治階級需要儒家化，這樣才能管理這個國家。以下是三個完美的例子：完顏亮，耶律楚材，納蘭性德。
As for the common folks of this new rulingpeople, we/they started to live with Han which is and will always be the greatgreat majority of the country and usually the neighborhood you live. You cannotresist this even if you try hard(yeah most of these dynasties tried hard butall failed) but there is NOTHING in your original culture that can help you tocope with your new life.
Don’t know how to buy things? Learn fromyour Han neighbor!
Don’t know how to plow the fields? Learnfrom your Han neighbor!
Don’t know how to fight some diseases? Goget a Han Chinese doctor!
Don’t know how to become a bureaucrat andmove up? Go read Confucianist books and pass those Chinese imperialexaminations!
So you see, living in Han land, you willfind no way to stay unassimilated into Han culture, the dominant culture ofChina.
而作為這個新的統治民族裡的普通人，我們/他們開始和漢人生活在一起，而漢人一直都會佔據人口的絕大多數，而且通常都成為了你的鄰居，這一點是你無法抵抗的，不論你多麼努力（是的，大部分的這些蠻人朝代都嘗試過了，但都失敗了），但是你自己的文化無法幫助你適應新的生活。
不知道如何購物？想漢人鄰居學習！
不知道如何犁地？想漢人鄰居學習！
不知道如何抵抗某些疾病？去看漢人醫生！
不知道如何成為一個官僚並往上升遷？去讀儒家著作，參加中國科舉考試！
所以你明白了吧，生活在漢人的土地上，不可能不融入漢人文化，因為漢人文化是中國的主流文化。
Chang Wanyan
Original Author · Feb 14 · 37 upvotesincluding Xane Feng
I completely agree. This is actually what Ibelieve a major sign of western imperialism that is still prent on ourplanet. The west and westerners have the right to decide who is Chinese, whileChinese themselves are not allowed to do so, ironically. And if they dare to doso, that must be ‘politically-motivated’.
I m so tired of westerners who trying totell me Manchus/Mongols/Tibetans are not Chinese. The colonialism andimperialism never died out. It just exists and dominates in a much more subtleyet unconscious manner.
完全贊同。我認為這正是西方帝國主義依然盛行的主要標誌。西方和西方人有權決定誰是中國人，而中國人自己卻不能決定，太諷刺了。如果中國人敢這麼做，那肯定有“政治動機”。
當西方人對我說滿人，蒙古人和藏人不是中國人時，我都覺得好煩。殖民主義和帝國主義還沒死透。
Xamba Yangzoim
Mar 23 · 9 upvotes including Chang Wanyan
I feel the same as a Tibetan. I keeptelling my western friends that we Tibetans moved into China, have livedhappily along with Han, and fully assimilated. But they insist we must seekindependence. If westerners really care about our welfare, have they everwondered how does going back to desolate and barren Tibetan Plateau benefit us?How does preventing Tibetans from leaving subsistence in Tibet to better lifein China benefit Tibetans?
作為一個西藏人，我也是這樣的感受。我不斷對我的西方朋友們說我們西藏人搬進中國，和漢人一起快樂生活，完全融合。但是他們堅持說我們一定要獨立。如果西方人真的關心我們的福祉，那他們有沒有想過回到荒涼貧瘠的西藏高原能給我們帶來什麼好處？阻止西藏人離開西藏去中國過更好的生活，這能給西藏人帶來什麼好處？
Chang Wanyan
Original Author · Mar 24 · 7 upvotesincluding Xamba Yangzoim
Glad to see a real Tibetan here. TheEnglish-speaking internet world urgently needs you guys to counter all thesepropaganda with facts and true feelings of true Tibetans(not Tibetan Americans,Tibetan Europeans, or Tibetan Indians who claim they represent all Tibetans).
Such independence doesn’t benefit Tibetans.It benefits them only. Have a look at Bhutan today and ask if Tibetans want tolive like that - there was no revolution there.
That’s pretty much westerners’ divide andconquer tactic all over again. Read some history about the ‘Indian wars’ youwill see how white colonists played tricks to divide native American tribesthen eventually slaughtered them all.
America is built upon systematic racialcleansing and genocides. Let’s take this into consideration before taking their‘friendly’ advice.
很高興在這裡看到一個真正的西藏人。英語世界的因特網急需你這種真正的西藏人（而不是那些宣稱自己代表所有西藏人的美國藏人，歐洲藏人或者印度藏人）現身說法，揭穿所有的謊言。
獨立是無法給藏人帶來好處的。只會讓這些人獲得好處。看看今天的不丹，問問西藏人是不是想過那樣的生活，那裡沒有發生革命。
這其實就是西方人的分而治之策略。去了解一下美國與印第安人的戰爭，你就知道白人殖民者是如何用計分裂北美印第安部落，然後最終把他們全部屠殺。
美國是建立在系統性的種族清洗和屠殺上的。在接受他們“友好的”建議前，我們應該考慮到這一點。
